
However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of OHSAS 18001 on safety performance in certified organizations.

The Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) 18001 as a world-recognized OHSMS has gained considerable acceptance by a large number of organizations. In recent decades, the application of approaches such as the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) has led to the successful control of workplace injuries in high-income countries. Occupational injuries are a major problem worldwide and affect all countries, particularly developing ones. This variety of forms of eco-anxiety should be taken into account in healthcare and public discussion. While paralyzing forms of eco-anxiety emerge as a problem, it is noted that eco-anxiety manifests itself also as “practical anxiety”, which leads to gathering of new information and reassessment of behavior options. Psychosocial and sociological perspectives point out that social dynamics shape forms of eco-anxiety in profound ways. Eco-anxiety is found to be closely connected to fear and worry, but several disciplines include discussion of its character as existential anxiety. The relationship between studies on eco-anxiety and research about ecological emotions and affect is probed.

Other relevant terms and phenomena are scrutinized, such as ecological grief, solastalgia, and ecological trauma. Most forms of eco-anxiety appear to be non-clinical, but cases of “pathological” eco-anxiety are also discussed. The article points out that uncertainty, unpredictability, and uncontrollability seem to be important factors in eco-anxiety. Insights from various anxiety theories are used to discuss empirical studies about forms of eco-anxiety.

This article analyzes various views of eco-anxiety from a wide range of disciplines. However, there is a lack of research about the definitions and variations of these phenomena. Eco-anxiety and climate anxiety are widely discussed in contemporary media and are subjects of growing research interest.
